Heartburn is a very common condition that affects many people. Over 40% of adults experience it monthly. It is usually associated with the regurgitation of stomach acid, which is the major symptom of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). People can often feel a burning in the middle of the chest, which can radiate up to the neck, throat, or jaw. The pain can mimic angina, and with severe pain, people may often believe they are having a heart attack. Heartburn is increased by bending over, lying down, or after large meals, and it is usually worse at night. A different presentation of reflux other than burning can be a feeling of something stuck behind the chest.
Many complications can occur with recurrent heartburn and reflux and are listed below:
- Hoarse voice or sore throat
- Cough or wheezing, which can lead to asthma, especially at night
- Difficulty swallowing (can be caused by narrowing of the esophagus due to scarring)
- Dental problems (from regurgitation of acid eroding enamel of teeth)
- Esophageal ulcer
- Barret’s espohagus (a change in the lining of the esophagus that increases the risk of esophageal cancer)
Conventional Treatments
The most common treatments people start with are over-the-counter antacids like Tums or Rolaids. These are quick-acting and can relieve symptoms momentarily, but they do not provide much relief for reflux in the long-run.
The next line of medications are H2 blockers, which lower the amount of acid released in the stomach and provide partial or complete resolution for 50-70% of symptomatic people. Examples include cimetidine (Tagamet], famotidine (Pepcid), and ranitidine (Zantac).
A step up from H2 blockers are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). They provide the greatest relief for symptoms because of their greater anti-secretory effect – they suppress acid output almost completely. An example of a PPI is omeprazole (Prilosec).
Because reflux causes irritation and inflammation to the mucosal layer in the esophagus and stomach, these conventional medications can allow for the healing of the irritated lining by decreasing acid in the stomach. The problem with the medications, however, is that they do not address the underlying reasons for reflux and heartburn, and people often have symptoms recur after a period of time following the discontinuation of medications. If people are on these medications for long periods as well, stopping the medications can also cause an immediate rebound effect of increasing stomach acid and actually inducing heartburn in the beginning. In general, taking conventional medications for heartburn decreases stomach acid and can actually make the overall situation worse, because stomach acid is needed to digest and break down foods. Without stomach acid, foods can ferment in the stomach and intestines, causing more digestive issues (i.e. bloating, stomach pain, etc.) and leading to more inflammation in the digestive tract.
Naturopathic Treatments
Naturopathic treatments for reflux and heartburn not only relieve symptoms, but they help to resolve the underlying issues that are causing the reflux and heartburn in the first place.
First of all, heartburn is often the result of food allergies. When people are eating foods that their bodies are sensitive to, this will cause problems with digestion and cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Heartburn can be a result of this, so getting rid of offending foods is important for preventing heartburn and keeping heartburn from recurring.
Stress can also be a causative factor of heartburn. Increased stress causes our digestive system to shut down, leading to problems with digestion and inflammation in the gut as well. Decreasing stress, especially while eating, is important in warding off heartburn as well.
Other things that can help include eating smaller meals and eating less fatty and fried foods. It is also helpful to stay away from things that can relax the sphincter between the stomach and esophagus that would allow reflux to occur more. Food and drinks that relax the sphincter include spicy foods, tomato products, citrus juices, coffee, carminatives (peppermint, spearmint), coffee, tea, and alcohol.
For helpful supplements, taking digestive enzymes with meals will aid the digestion of food and decrease the chance of heartburn that can occur from not digesting food properly. If heartburn is already an issue, aloe vera juice and marshmallow root can coat and soothe the esophagus, stomach, and gastrointestinal tract and decrease inflammation. Deglycyrrhizinated licorice and glutamine can also be used to speed the healing of the irritated lining.
By staying away from offending agents and adding in supplements that can aid the healing of inflamed mucosal tissues, heartburn symptoms can be relieved quickly as well as addressing the root causes for heartburn. These supplements also do not cause rebound issues of increased acid output when coming off of them like conventional medications do. With lifestyle changes and supplements, heartburn can be treated naturally and effectively as well as preventing it from returning in the future.